Ursolic acid, a natural compound found in apples and herbs like Holy Basil Leaf has caught the attention of researchers for its potential health benefits. In recent studies, it was identified as a promising inhibitor of muscle atrophy, a condition where muscles waste away. Through experiments on mice, it was discovered that ursolic acid not only prevented muscle loss but also promoted muscle growth, even without any muscle damage. Further investigation revealed that ursolic acid activates a protein called Akt, known for its role in muscle growth and metabolism regulation. Additionally, studies showed that ursolic acid reduced body fat and improved blood sugar levels in mice, suggesting its potential in combating obesity and related metabolic disorders. These findings have led researchers to hypothesize that ursolic acid could increase muscle activity in obesity models, ultimately leading to reduced obesity, glucose intolerance, and fatty liver disease. Ongoing research aims to further explore the health benefits of ursolic acid and its potential applications in managing various metabolic conditions.
In past research, both activating skeletal muscle Akt and using ursolic acid have been shown to lessen issues like obesity, fatty liver disease, and glucose intolerance. Similarly, in the study, mice fed a high-fat diet with ursolic acid gained less weight compared to those without it. Plus, the ursolic acid-treated mice had smaller fat pads, indicating reduced obesity. We also found that fasting blood sugar levels were normal in mice treated with ursolic acid, unlike those without it who had elevated levels. Additionally, ursolic acid helped improve glucose tolerance, suggesting it can fight both obesity and glucose problems.
Simply put, the body has two types of fat in the interscapular fat pad: white fat stores energy, while brown fat burns energy to produce heat and maintain body temperature. Brown fat is linked to a lower risk of obesity. Ursolic acid reduces white fat in this area but increases brown fat. This was confirmed by measuring a marker called uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is higher in brown fat. Additionally, mice treated with ursolic acid were less affected by cold temperatures, suggesting improved heat production. So, ursolic acid not only boosts muscle but also increases brown fat.
Researchers though ursolic acid might help burn more energy because muscles and brown fat are good at using energy. To check this, they monitored food intake and activity in mice eating high-fat food with or without ursolic acid for 3 days or 6 weeks. They wanted to see if ursolic acid affected energy use before and after it changed body composition.
Reducing how much you eat can help resist obesity, but giving mice ursolic acid for a short time didn't change their food intake. Interestingly, with long-term use, mice ate more during the active dark period, ruling out reduced food intake as the reason for obesity resistance. This data indicated that ursolic acid reduced obesity by increasing resting energy expenditure.
The findings of this study discovered that ursolic acid boosts muscle, brown fat, and energy use in obese mice. This leads to stronger muscles, better exercise ability, and less obesity, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced fatty liver. These findings suggest that further research in humans is warranted. If ursolic acid has similar effects in humans, it could be a helpful treatment for conditions like muscle loss, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease.
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Ursolic Acid Increases Skeletal Muscle and Brown Fat and Decreases Diet-Induced Obesity, Glucose Intolerance and Fatty Liver Disease - PMC (nih.gov)